Through efferent motor neurons of the Somatic Nervous Systems 

Through efferent motor neurons of the Autonomic Nervous System

Through afferent sensory neurons of the Autonomic Nervous System

Through hypothalamic release of hormones and by the efferent neurons of the ANS

Through cortical control of the efferent neurons of the ANS

B

A

D

E

F

D, E and F

G, H and A

B, C and D

B and D

E and F

Through four widespread neural systems that differ in the type of transmitter sued

Through the use of hormones that can diffuse in the blood supply to affect many organs

Through the ANS which co-ordinates activity of many internal organs

Through the neural connections of the Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems

Through hormones and through the neural connections of the Autonomic Nervous System

G

A

C

B

F

Topographic "maps" of the sensory receptor surface along the pathway from periphery to cortex

Labelled lines from sensory periphery to cortex

Receptive fields that define the region of a receptor surface activating a neuron

The use of diffuse modulatory systems defined by different neurotransmitters

The use of relay nuclei in relaying information from receptor surface to cortex

They are also GPCRs

They also activate Transducin

They also break down cGMP

They allow influx of Na+

They also breakdown cAMP

To keep the air flow turbulent

To hold the cilia together

To capture the air molecules

To wash the nose clean for fresh smells

To amplify the smell sensation

sodium ions

chloride ions

hydrogen ions

receptors at the sides of the tongue

cAMP and potassium ions