A newborn is

diagnosed with congenital deafness due to a defect in an intracellular protein.

This protein is a component of cell-cell junctions that form a pore connecting

the cytoplasm of adjacent cells. Which type of cell-cell junctions is defective in this patient?

An 18-year-old female patient

is coming to the emergency office of the Department of Ophthalmology. She is

suffering from significant swelling of the upper eyelid. The eyelid is markedly

swollen, stiff and reddened in one spot. The eyelid is painful and causes

significant tearing of the entire eye. After examination of the eyelid, the

doctor concludes that it is a chalazion (eyelid cyst or Meibomian cyst). It is

an inflammation of the Meibomian gland of the eyelid, which can be seen in the

picture. What type of gland is it with regard to the mechanism of secretion?

A 19-year-old student

comes to the eye clinic with a very common problem today. He suffers from

cutting and burning eyes, the feeling of a foreign body in the eye, pressure,

and the feeling of tired eyes. The eyes are red. He is diagnosed with dry eye

syndrome. This can have many causes, and one of them is low tear production,

for example, as a result of taking certain medications. Tears are produced by

the lacrimal gland. The lacrimal gland is an exocrine gland. Its cells have a

basophilic cytoplasm and a round nucleus located in the basal third of the

cell. The basal part of the cells shows significant basophilia due to the

accumulation of polyribosomes and granular endoplasmic reticulum for the

production of proteins that are part of the produced secretion. The cells

contain zymogen granules, which are mostly released in a merocrine manner. What

type of gland is a lacrimal gland?

A 16-year-old boy

fell and injured his knee during the school’s recent game. A physical

examination showed strong instability of the knee and an MRI examination

confirmed a rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament. What type of tissue is

the anterior cruciate ligament?

A 62-year-old man has a red, warm, painful lesion on his skin that

extends across his calf from the popliteal fossa to the ankle. This condition

is diagnosed as cellulitis, a bacterial infection of the deeper layers of the

skin. The red colour, increased temperature, and pain of the affected area are

due to an inflammatory response to the infection. In the patient, this

inflammatory reaction is largely caused by the release of pro-inflammatory

substances from the cells of the immune system, which are abundant in the

connective tissue. Which of the following cell types are involved?

A student is reviewing how connective tissue structure correlates to function of an organ. Which of the following might be the source of the tissue in the figure below?

A 7-week-old infant

is brought to the emergency department for severe hypothermia. Such a small

child does not have enough muscle mass to produce heat through muscle tremors,

and at the same time, his body has a large surface area causing easier heat

loss. Newborns and infants have a special way of producing heat through

non-shivering thermogenesis using brown adipose tissue. What does the basic

structure of this tissue look like?

A 7-week-old infant

is brought to the emergency department for severe hypothermia. Such a small

child does not have enough muscle mass to produce heat through muscle tremors,

and at the same time, his body has a large surface area causing easier heat

loss. Newborns and infants have a special way of producing heat through

non-shivering thermogenesis using brown adipose tissue. What does the basic

structure of this tissue look like?