a single fixed program that cannot be changed.

system to move a program from one area of memory to another by loading

each instruction into a register, and then storing it at a different

location.

are represented in words in memory

stored in memory just like any other data values

word represents a number or an instruction

are kept separate from data

low voltage), so even if the input signals are weakened the output

will be strong

Boolean function

the transistors

by hand, one at a time

that input value changes.

replaces its state with the value of its input signal.

resulting in a wrong value entering a flip flop at the tick

the high or low power supply