sensory memory; for a fraction of a second

Short-term memory; for a few minutes

Long-term memory; indefinitely

Working memory; up to 20 seconds

A pilot believing that the automated systems control the flight better than the pilot, but constantly checking

A pilot concentrating on a particular aspect of a system instead of monitoring the whole system.

A pilot watching what is happening instead of checking and analyzing systems.

A pilot monitoring where the aircraft has been, is now and is going next.

1, 2, and 6 only

1, 2, 4, and 6 only

1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 only

1, 2, 3, and 6 only

SOP can give an instruction on how to manage environmental threats, based on previous experience of others.

SOP can only help to reduce the rate of systematic errors, random errors cannot be prevented.

Pilots not applying SOP can immediately be reported and excluded from flying duties to increase flight safety.

Undesired aircraft states leading to threats can be prevented by consequently applying automation as directed per SOP

are unlikely to speak out.

are required to speak out.

are likely to speak out.

will be asked to speak out.

The argument has no impact on the flight crew's performance or cooperation.

The flight continues normally as the pilots resolve the argument independently.

The autopilot takes control of the flight and handles ATC communications.

The argument might affect the cooperation and coordination within the flight crew.

An airline within which most employees come from closed-culture countries.

A company culture that calls for maximisation of payload by generally abandoning the carriage of extra fuel.

A company within which the highest value is placed with passenger comfort, even at the expense of flight safety.

Night curfew on the home base which requires short turn-arounds to be made to complete the planned flights.

The ground controller, because he issued his clearance at a time where none of the plots were actively listening.

The captain, because it was his responsibility as a commander to make sure his copilot monitored the frequency.

Both pilots. While the pilot monitoring was in charge of active communication, also the pilot flying had to listen for instructions via radio.

The copilot, because he failed to closely monitor radio traffic, which was his obligation as the pilot monitoring.

can serve as a substitute for oral speech.

is always clearly interpretable.

is used only if verbal clarity is not possible.

is cross-culturally understood.

an excessively high opinion of him/herself.

a resentment of being told what to do.

an urge to do something impulsively.

a tendency to avoid making difficult decisions.