Vashti, a diabetic patient, has been admitted to the emergency room with acidosis due to the production of ketones. Ketones are produced when diabetes is not controlled, leading to a condition known as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Given Vashti’s condition, and the relationship between CO₂ and pH, what respiratory symptom would you expect Vashti to exhibit?

If blood PCO2 levels increase above the normal range, this will be detected by

The lungs contain stretch receptors that respond to overinflation of the lungs by sending _______ influences to the respiratory centres in the brain. 

A patient presents with elevated levels of CO₂ in their blood. How does the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system respond to this increase in CO₂?

The dotted lines in the curves below represent a shift in the oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve. Which shift would allow more oxygen delivery to the tissues?

The majority of oxygen is transported around the body

Which of the following would cause the pulmonary arterioles to dilate, increasing pulmonary perfusion?

Fick’s Law explains the factors that affect diffusion across the respiratory membrane. Which of the following is not described by Fick’s law but does impact on gas diffusion in the lungs?

Stephen visits a respiratory clinic to have his air flow rates measured via spirometry. Stephen’s results indicate that both his forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second are both lower than expected for his age and size. This indicates that Stephen has a/an: