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IMM2011 - Basic immunology: The body's defence system - S1 2025

IMM2011 - Basic immunology: The body's defence system - S1 2025

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TLR5 is located on the outside cell surface because:

It can interact with a wide range of different structures and is a good early alarm signal.

It provides the best opportunity to interact with its target structure which is located on the surface of the microbe.

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It first binds to microbe within the cell and exports it to the surface to promote phagocytosis.

All TLRs that bind bacterial products are found on the surface of leukocytes.

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The role of C3b opsonisation of bacteria would

be:

To provide a means for phagocytes to identify

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To encircle the bacteria and prevent any further

replication.

To promote inflammation and attract innate

leukocytes to the site of infection.

C3b and C3a are also key molecules that go on to form the MAC associated with complement activation.

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Select the correct response to each question.

Following TLR signalling to trigger the inflammasome, the only outcome from this will be to drive the assembly of the NLRP3, adaptor molecule and Caspase-1 complex.

The supply of pro-IL-1b within the cell is entirely from stores found in the cytoplasm that can be utilised instantly.

Structurally, Pro-IL-1b and IL-1b are identical

The leaking of K+ ions from the cells is a signal of cell stress.

The inflammasome activation is linked with the signalling to other immune cells to the site of activity.

The need to recognise and deal with dead and damaged host tissues is also an important trigger for the inflammasome.

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Cross-presentation by dendritic cells; that can occur in response to virally infected skin cells, is when:

Dead infected cells are engulfed and viral antigens will be transported into the cytoplasm and enter the MHC class I pathway.

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Viral particles from dead cells bind directly to surface MHC class I and MHC class II molecules to activate T cells.

The dead infected is held on the surface of the dendritic cell by the MHC class I and MHC class II molecules to present to both CD4 and CD8 T cells

The dendritic cell engulfs the dead cell and transports antigen from the cytoplasm into the MHC class II pathway so both pathways are utilised.