A 65 year old woman comes to emergency department with severe dizziness and fainting episodes. Upon examination, her heart rate is 45 beats per minute, and her blood pressure is significantly low. She is not taking any medications that could explain these symptoms.

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is most likely responsible for her symptoms?

A 50-year-old woman comes to family physician with extreme sweating that occurs even in cool conditions. Her symptoms worsen during periods of stress or anxiety.

Which neurotransmitter is most likely involved in activating her sweat glands?

A 50 year old man is performing a test for measuring diffusion capacity of respiratory membrane. The specialist asks you to connect the suitable gas tube for performing the test.

What’s the most likely gas you would be looking for in the components of the used tube?

An 18 year old student is performing strenuous exercise.

What is the most likely effect on hir airway resistance at peak performance and why?

A 35 year old man who is smoking heavily for 15 years, is diagnosed with emphysema.

What’s the most likely effect of his disease on gas diffusion and why?

A scientist is doing a research on O2 movement across the respiratory membrane of Albino rats.

Which factor has the minimal effect on the studied gas diffusion?

Five healthy men participating in a pulmonary function study are each asked to modify their tidal volume (TV) and respiration rate (RR) for 2 minutes. Which volunteer has the lowest alveolar ventilation (mL/min) during this time?

A 14-year-old boy presents to the Emergency department with an an acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma after exercise. Based on this diagnosis, which combination of changes in residual volume (RV) and total lung capacity (TLC) are expected in this patient?

A 26 year old gentleman expires forcibly with closed glottis (Valsalva’s maneuver).

What is the expected Intrapleural pressure?

A 55-year-old female is admitted to the hospital with difficulty breathing. Radiographic examination reveals a tumor invading the lung surface anterior to the hilum. Which nerve is most likely compressed by the tumor to result in dyspnea?