Opportunistic bacteria causing low-grade fever with cough and thick greenish sputum

Viral infection causing nonproductive cough and pleuritic pain

Insidious onset, diffuse interstitial infection

Sudden onset of fever and chills, with rales and rusty sputum

Liver dysfunction

Failure to excrete CO2

Increased blood volume

Anaerobic metabolism

5.2 mmol /l

4.0 mmol /l

6.5 mmol /l

7.2 mmol /l

Chronic kidney disease leads to consistently elevated blood pressure

Blood pressure increases rapidly and is unresponsive to medication

Blood pressure remains consistently above 140/90

Blood pressure fluctuates between 130/85 and 180/105

Systolic level: 110-120 mm Hg. Diastolic level: 70-80 mm Hg

Systolic level: 95-139 mm Hg. Diastolic level: 60-89 mm Hg .

Systolic level: 80-140 mm Hg. Diastolic level: 55-90 mm Hg.

decreased blood pressure

decreased cardiac output

decreased circulating blood volume

increased capillary permeability

Activation of baroreceptors of the aortic arch and carotid sinus

Activation of chemoreceptors of the aortic arch and carotid sinus

Weakening of impulses baroreceptors of the aortic arch and carotid sinus

Activation of  volume receptors of the vena cavae

decreasing the attraction of cholesterol into lipid plaques.

reducing the risk of blood clotting.

reducing cardiac and smooth muscle contractions.

decreasing all types of cardiac arrhythmias.

Absolute neutrophilic leukocytosis

Absolute eosinophilia

Relative neutropenia

Absolute lymphocytosis

subclavian arteries.

pulmonary arteries.

common carotid arteries.

coronary arteries.