MCB2011 - Molecular biology and the cell - S1 2025
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The researcher
captured the electron micrograph image below which shows the release of albumin
from a secretory vesicle within a hepatocyte into the extracellular
environment.
Identify the donor and target membranes for the secretory vesicle. (2
marks)
The import of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase into the mitochondrion is defective in cell line HEP-M1. The researcher used subcellular fractionation and western blotting to detect acyl-CoA dehydrogenase in different subcellular compartments. The western blotting results for normal healthy hepatocytes and the HEP-M1 cell line are summarised in the figure below.
Which of the following mutations (A, B, C) is most likely present in the HEP-M1 cell line? Use the western blotting results and your knowledge of the mitochondrial protein import process to justify your response. (2-3 sentences) (2 marks)
A. The acyl-CoA dehydrogenase mitochondrial signal sequence is mutated B. The receptor protein in the TOM complex is mutated C. The translocation channel in the TIM23 complex is mutated
CONTINUED...
The ecologists identify a putative protein-encoding gene ( ) in the genome of the novel organism and use Sanger sequencing to determine the gene sequence. The sequencing results are shown in the electropherogram below. Unfortunately, an error was made setting up the sequencing reaction. As a result, the reaction terminated prematurely at the ninth nucleotide.
What was likely omitted from the sequencing reaction? Be specific in your response and explain your reasoning. (2-3 sentences) (2 marks)
The ecologists used a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay to investigate the abundance of the novel organism in several different ecological niches including hydrothermal vents, deep-sea sediments and shallow coastal waters. The qPCR assay was performed using a primer that specifically targeted a gene carried by the novel organism.
Examine the qPCR results shown above. Which ecological niche (hydrothermal vents, deep-sea sediments, shallow coastal waters) had the highest abundance of the novel organism? Briefly explain how you reached this conclusion. (2-3 sentences) (2 marks)
A researcher decides to compare the promoter regions of . The researcher uses traditional PCR to amplify the promoter regions and visualises the PCR products using agarose gel electrophoresis. The length of the promoter region of each gene is summarised in the table below (A). The agarose gel electrophoresis results are also shown below (B).
Use the drop-down boxes to indicate which amplified promoter region ( or
Lane 1:
Lane 2:
Lane 3:
The ACTB gene encodes an actin protein that is ubiquitously expressed in all human cells. As shown in the schematic below, the promoter region of the gene is embedded within a CG island.
The researcher uses a specialised laboratory technique to examine DNA methylation in the promoter region. What do you hypothesise the researcher will find? (1 mark)
The ACTC1 gene encodes an actin protein that is only expressed in cardiomyocytes (i.e. cardiac muscle cells). The schematic below shows the histone modifications that are present in the promoter region in cardiomyocytes vs fibroblasts (i.e. skin cells).
Use the information provided above to explain why the gene is actively expressed in cardiomyocytes but not fibroblasts. (2-3 sentences) (2 marks)
The ACTB and genes are located on two different chromosomes as shown in the image below.
Use the drop-down boxes to classify the chromosomes. (0.5 marks each, 1 mark total)
ACTB is located on
ACTC1 is located on
In this laboratory class you will handle glass slides and coverslips. How should you dispose of these items?
Which of the following GHS pictograms are listed in the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for Triton X-100? Select all that apply.
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