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Principles of the Living Matter A001809 2024-25

Principles of the Living Matter A001809 2024-25

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What is obtained by reacting 2-pentene with HBr?

2,3-dibromopentane

❌

A mixture of 2- and 3-bromopentane

2-bromopentene

2-bromopentane

3-bromopentane

The rate of the following reaction in aqueous solution is monitored by measuring the number of moles of Hg₂Cl₂ formed per litre per minute. The data obtained are listed in the table.

2 HgCl₂(aq) + C₂O₄^2–(aq) → 2 Cl^–(aq) + 2 CO₂(g) + Hg₂Cl₂(s)

Experiment	[HgCl₂] (M)	[C₂O₄^2–] (M)	Rate (mol L^–1 min^–1)
1	0.106	0.150	1.78×10^–5
2	0.053	0.300	3.56×10^–5
3	0.053	0.150	8.90×10^–6

Determine the order of reaction with respect to HgCl₂, with respect to C₂O₄^2– and overall.

Order with respect to HgCl₂:	0 1 2 3 4
Order with respect to C₂O₄^2–:	0 1 2 3 4
Overall:	0 1 2 3 4

For the following questions, you may employ the E-notation.

For example, 7.15 10^-5 is written as 7.15E-5.

What is the numerical value of the rate constant k?

What would be the initial rate of reaction if [HgCl₂] = 0.094 M and [C₂O₄^2–] = 0.190 M? mol L^-1 min^-1

What is it possible to say about the reaction mechanism?

Nothing: it has to be determined experimentally

The reaction is single-step

The reaction is multi-step

The reaction needs a catalyst

(2 pts.)

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A sample of gaseous ammonia, measured at 25°C and 1.00 atm, has a volume of 16.0 mL. Calculate:

a. The pH of the solution obtained when this sample is completely dissolved in 400 mL of water. (K_b = 1.80 10^-5): pH =

b. How many mL of a 0.0200 M sulfuric acid solution is required to neutralize all the ammonia: mL

(2 pts.)

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Predict what happens when:

An aluminium bar is immersed in a 1.0 M NaOH solution	Al is oxidized Al is reduced Na+ is oxidized Na+ is reduced Nothing happens	and	O2 is produced H2 is produced Na is produced Al is produced No substances are produced
An iron nail is dipped into a 1.0 M AgNO3 solution	Ag is oxidized Ag is reduced Fe is oxidized Fe is reduced Nothing happens	and	O2 is produced H2 is produced Ag is produced Fe is produced No substances are produced
A copper ring is immersed in a 1.0 M HBr solution	Cu is oxidized Cu is reduced Br- is oxidized Br is reduced Nothing happens	and	O2 is produced H2 is produced Br2 is produced Cu is produced No substances are produced

(1.5 pts)

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Consider the reaction between oxygen and nitrogen (in their standard state) to give gaseous NO₂. Select the correct plot for Δ_rG° in the function of T and complete the following sentences.

4 deltaG° vs T plots