A post-earnings announcement drift (PEAD) refers to a return continuation pattern after the earnings announcements. Specifically, after the earnings for a stock are announced, the stock price return continues to drift in the direction of the earnings news (better-than-expected earnings constitute positive earnings news, worse-than-expected earnings constitute negative earnings news). It has been shown that conservatism partly contributes to the PEAD. Which of the following statements represent the conservatism effect on the PEAD: