Decentralized architecture

Communication protocols

Replication

Parallelism

Gird, Computing, Information 

Computing, Information, Pervasive

Cluster, Pervasive, Grid

Computing, Operating, Grid

Combined hard/software for creating transactions 

Layer of distributed system architecture 

Hardware solution

Standard rules for it external interfaces and free realizationof itby any vendors

Creating replicas of system in one another 

Using only common interfaces

System use standard rules for services that it is offering

It is free for use to every user 

All parts of system must be from one vendor to achieve interchangeability

To organize simple peer-to-peer system

Way to hidecommunication latencies

To relocate part of program code closer to user