BeCl₄

BeCl

BeCl₂

BeCl₃

SO₃

CO₂

NH₃

NO₂

s orbital overlap with p orbitals to form sp hybrid orbital

s orbital with two p orbitals to form one sp2 hybrid orbital

s orbital with two p orbitals to form two sp2 hybrid orbital

s orbital with two p orbitals to form three sp2 hybrid orbital

formation of hybrid orbital

atomic orbital overlap to form sp hybrid orbital

s orbital overlap with p orbital to form sp hybrid orbital

atomic orbital overlap to produce hybrid orbital

p orbital overlap to produce π bond

atomic orbital overlap to produce sigma bond

s orbital overlap to produce π bond

s orbital overlap with s orbital to produce sigma bond

9

10

8

11

1,4-dimethyl-2-cyclopentene

2,4-dimethylcyclopentene

3,5-dimethylcyclopentene

1,3-dimethyl-4-cyclopentene

 2-ethyl-5-methyl-1-hexene

2-methyl-5- methylene-heptane

3-methylene-6-methylheptane

2-ethyl-4-isopropyl-1-butene

2-Ethyl-5-methylheptane

2,5-Diethylhexane

 6-Ethyl-3-methylheptane

3,6-Dimethyloctane

2,4-dimethyl-3-ethylpentane

3-Ethyl-2,4-dimethylpentane

2-Methy-3-isopropylpentane

1,1-diisopropylpropane