Prepare thoroughly and practice beforehand

Avoid public speaking altogether

Speak as quickly as possible to finish early

Memorize the entire speech word for word

End the speech immediately

Start over from the beginning

Panic and apologize repeatedly

Pause briefly, take a deep breath, and find their place

The number of statistics included

Volume and tone of voice

The complexity of vocabulary used

The length of the speech

Read a list of bullet points with no transitions

Speak without preparing any outline

Start with a long introduction, then jump to the conclusion

Use a clear introduction, body, and conclusion format

To describe a historical event

To provide detailed instructions

To entertain the audience

To change the audience’s beliefs, attitudes, or actions

Providing feedback and paraphrasing

Thinking about your response while the speaker is talking

Interrupting the speaker to clarify points

Avoiding eye contact

Read directly from a script without looking up

Stand stiffly without movement

Use gestures and maintain eye contact

Speak in a monotone voice

To impress others with vocabulary

To exchange information and ideas

To avoid face-to-face interactions

To confuse the audience