fiber optic

twisted pair

coaxial

coaxial

twisted pair

fiber optic

hub

switch

modem

NFC

LTE

IrDA

RFID

in radio signals through antennas, often found in tollbooth transponders

in credit cards, smartphones, and tickets to facilitate close-range communication

in low-energy radio technology for short-range, high-bandwidth communications

in hot spots and wireless home and small business networks using TCP/IP

unique identifier

logical design

connection configuration

physical arrangement

Small networks don't need to connect to other devices on the network.

Networks allow computer to share resources, such as hardware, software, data, and information.

To communicate on a network, first the computer or device must connect to it.

A computer must use predefined standards and protocols to communicate with the network.

combines multiple analog or digital signals into a single signal over a shared medium

shares an IP address among connected devices on a network

provides a variety of services, such as voice, data, and video, using the same ISP

enables two or more devices to share a single copper wire connection

all devices interconnect directly with one another

all devices attach to a central cable that carries the data

data travels from one device to the next in a clockwise fashion

each device is attached to a central device, such as a switch

All clients on the network have equal permissions.

A client is a computer that relies on the server for its resources.

The server can provide a centralized storage location the other computers can access.

One or more computers acts as a server and the other computers request resources.