It prevents any communication between edge resources and end devices.

It allows autonomous resources to make local decisions that lead to globally optimal system behavior.

 It ensures that all decisions are made centrally in the cloud.

 It increases the dependency on centralized data centers.

Avoiding the use of sensors and actuators in connected vehicles.

Balancing computational tasks between resource-constrained vehicles and edge nodes while maintaining low latency.

Completely replacing edge resources with cloud-based solutions.

Ensuring high-speed internet connectivity for all vehicles at all times.

Only at the edge resource layer.

Across all three layers to coordinate tasks and resource sharing.

Only at the cloud layer.

Exclusively at the end-device layer.

Random selection of devices without considering their resource availability.

Assigning all tasks to the cloud for centralized processing.

Energy-aware selection that balances the trade-off between information quality and remaining battery life.

Ignoring device mobility and focusing only on fixed sensors.

Elimination of all network bandwidth constraints (Throughput)

Reliability, security, and privacy.

Color schemes for user interfaces (Usability)

 Device-specific hardware upgrades for QoS