processes

Daemons

system process

jobs

ls /tmp/saved-output | less

ls < /tmp/saved-output | less

ls -l  |  tee /tmp/saved-output | less

ls > /tmp/saved-output | less

allow systems to communicate over an insecure network.

allow systems to communicate in an encrypted and insecure channel over an insecure network.

allow systems to communicate in an unencrypted and insecure channel over an insecure network.

call

link

ping

ring

on an executable file means that commands run as safe mode user rather file mode of the user that ran the command.

on an executable file means that commands run as the sudo that owns that file, rather than as the user that ran the command.

on an executable file means that commands run as secure mode user rather file mode of the user that ran the command.

the executable file executes as the user that owns the file, not as the user that ran the file.

ls ?4

ls *4

ls ****

ls ????

Bourne Again Shell

Bourne Again Software

Bourne Agent Shell

Count=50

echo {$Count}x

Count=50

echo $Countx

Count=50

echo ${Count}x

Count==50

echo ${Count}x

An address space of allocated memory

Security properties including ownership credentials and

privileges

One or more execution threads of program code

A process state

An address space of allocated memory

Security properties including ownership credentials and privileges

One or more execution threads of program code

The username of the process

An address space of requested memory

Security properties including ownership credentials and privileges

One or more execution threads of program code

A process state

Local and global variables

A current scheduling context

waits for user input from the keyboard

cannot read input or receive keyboard-generated

interrupts from the terminal,

cannot read input but does receive keyboard-generated interrupts from the terminal,

can read input or receive keyboard-generated interrupts from the terminal,