which users and organizational units can share information.

where information can be distributed.

who is responsible for updating and maintaining information

How data resources should be secured.

which type of business intelligence tool should be used.

 Data scrubbing

Data policy

Data governance

Data definition

Data quality assurance

Big data refers solely to data in the petabyte range.

Big data are produced in much larger quantities and much more rapidly than traditional data.

Big data can reveal more patterns and interesting relationships than smaller data sets.

Big data is characterized by the 3Vs: volume, variety, and velocity. 

Big data is finding many uses in the public sector.

It provides users with an integrated view of the data.

It enables firms to create and verify transactions on a network very rapidly.

It prevents data from being altered retroactively.

It allows administrators to manage data more effectively.

It enables the ability to use relational databases.

Internet DBMS.

DBMS for midrange computers.

DBMS for mobile devices.

desktop relational DBMS.

DBMS for both desktops and mobile devices.

Ability to couple program and data

Ability to minimize isolated files with repeated data

Ability to enforce referential integrity

Use of a data dictionary

Ability to create two-dimensional tables

Data redundancy

Data inconsistency

Data normalization

Data duplication

Data accuracy

Data dependence

Data duplication

Data redundancy

Data inconsistency

Data discrepancy

lack of flexibility in creating ad-hoc reports.

poor security.

data inconsistency.

data sharing.

inability to develop specialized applications for functional areas.