An oral glucose tolerance test is used to diagnose diabetes mellitus,

gestational diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance.

This test is prescribed by a general practitioner or internist if a

fasting blood glucose value in the range of 5.6 - 7.0 mmol/L has been found

twice, or by a gynecologist in patients at risk up to week 12 of pregnancy, in

others as a screening (week 24-28 of pregnancy).

The test is started by taking venous blood in the morning on an empty

stomach.

If a blood glucose value is below 6.9 mmol/L

If a value above 6.9 mmol/L is measured

Another blood sample after 120 minutes (sometimes a blood sample is also

taken after 60 minutes - mainly in pregnant women, the urine glucose level can

be also determined).

Evaluation:

The

key test in the evaluation of carbohydrate metabolism disorders is the

determination of blood glucose level =

In

whole blood, which is the most frequently examined, the level is

If we

measure a fasting plasma glucose concentration higher than or equal to 7 mmol/L, it is likely that the patient suffers from a serious metabolic disease:

Moreover,

if a patient has symptoms such as polyuria, polydipsia or ketonuria, this is

considered confirmation of the diagnosis.

The

figures show two variants of the HDL-cholesterol estimation.

     A.                                                                                                                     B.

Common to both methods

is the blockade of non-HDL cholesterol (A. by binding to a specific antibody or

B. by precipitation with tungstophosphoric acid and subsequent removal by centrifugation)

followed by an enzymatic assay similar to that of total cholesterol (the method

is used in laboratory exercise).

Fill in the names of

the enzymes hidden under the numbers in the pictures.

1

=

2 =

3 =