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The law

Regulations

Administrative circulars

The Constitution

How are legally capable and incapable persons distinguished in civil law? (Multiple answers possible)

Non-emancipated minors are legally incapable and must be represented by their parents or a guardian

All adults are legally capable without exception

Adults can never be legally incapable

Adults under curatorship retain some autonomy but must be assisted for certain important acts

Adults under guardianship are treated like minors and must be represented for all civil acts

Which courts in France have jurisdiction to judge crimes? (Multiple answers possible)

Labour Tribunal

Police Tribunal

Court of Assizes

Correctional Tribunal

Departmental Criminal Court

What does the principle of presumption of innocence mean in criminal law? (Multiple answers possible)

The burden of proof rests on the prosecution, not the accused

Any person is presumed innocent until their guilt has been legally established

The accused must always prove they did not commit the offense

Any person accused of an offense is considered guilty until they prove their innocence

The presumption of innocence principle does not exist in French law

What are the three types of criminal offenses in French law? (Multiple answers possible)

Administrative offenses

Contraventions

Crimes

Civil faults

Misdemeanors

What is the role of the Court of Cassation in France?

It judges the most serious crimes as a last resort

It verifies that judicial decisions are made in accordance with the law and ensures a uniform interpretation of the law by other judicial courts

It settles disputes between citizens and the administration

It is the highest criminal court in Europe

It ensures laws comply with the Constitution

What is the main difference between a natural person (personne physique) and a legal entity (personne morale)?

Legal entities do not have a nationality

A legal entity is necessarily a company

A natural person cannot own property

A natural person always has more rights than a legal entity

A natural person is a human being, whereas a legal entity is created by law

What is the main function of a public prosecutor (magistrate of the prosecution or magistrat du parquet in French)?

Requests the application of the law on behalf of society

Defends only the interests of the accused

Assists citizens with legal procedures

Issues judicial decisions

Drafts contracts for businesses

What is the difference between a movable (biens meubles) and an immovable (biens immeubles) property?

A movable property can be moved by the sole muscular force of a human being

Immovable properties can never be sold

A movable property is only an item of value

An immovable property can be moved by a machine

An immovable property is always linked to a building

The principle of individualized sentencing

What is the fundamental principle of criminal law that prevents punishing behavior not defined by law?

The principle of non-retroactivity

The principle of legality of offenses and penalties

The presumption of innocence

The principle of adversarial procedure