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a high temperature reading

a low temperature reading

Facts about thermocouples:

Noise can induce errors in them

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They have small sensitivity

They always generate mVolts

Thermocouples are not convenient in situations where :

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high sensitivity is required

strong electromagnetic and radio frequency interference exist.

whole operating range is needed

Some advantages of thermocouples over other temperature sensors are:

rugged

self powered ( don't need external power supply )

operate over a wide temperature range

cheap

The only drawback of a thermo well is :

that heat has to go through the thermo well before reaching the temperature sensor.

that it has a long response time

that it takes a long time delay for temperature reading

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Thermo wells are used to :

measure the process temperature

prevent stopping the process when changing the thermocouple

protect the thermocouple from hazardous process fluid

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Ice bath and compensation circuit are used to:

Eliminate the voltage created by the reference junction

Eliminate the effect of the junction created by measurement leads wires and the thermocouple wires.

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When measuring a voltage across a (T) type thermocouple leads sitting on a surface of a table inside a laboratory, you will see a zero voltage across it, this is because :

The thermocouple wires and the voltmeter leads are not of the same metal type

there is an electromagnetic interference around the thermocouple

the thermocouple junction and the thermocouple leads are at the same temperature.

A thermopile is :

used to measure extremely low temperatures

a series of thermocouples connected in series to provide a high voltage output reading