Conflicts between countries arising out of international law

Conflicts which are only covered by statute law 

The enforcement of the rights of individuals 

A wrong against the community

Nicholas has the burden of proof. He must prove his case beyond reasonable doubt

James has the burden of proof. He must prove his case on the balance of probabilities

Nicholas has the burden of proof. He must prove his case on the balance of probabilities

James has the burden of proof. He must prove his case beyond reasonable doubt

The level of burden of proof typically employed in the criminal procedure

The level of burden of proof typically used in civil trials

The rule that is the basis on which the way a civil trial is conducted

The standard of proof required in all matters that take place in international courts

The Rule of Law states that no man or woman is above the law. The Commonwealth Government cannot enact legislation that exempts its officials' duties to obey the law

The Commonwealth Government is able to pass laws on any matter at all, because of s 109 of the Constitution

The Commonwealth Government may do so, as long as it doesn’t offend against the doctrine of separation of powers 

The Commonwealth Government can do this, but only with the consent of a majority of the State governments, pursuant to the supremacy of parliament doctrine

Nothing. The doctrines of parliamentary sovereignty states that once Parliament has legislated, no court can override or set aside the legislation

The Court may reference this in obiter, but cannot expressly overrule it or set it aside because legislation prevails over case law

The High Court needs to refer the matter to the Privy Council in the UK who have the ability to set aside the legislation

The High Court has the power to set aside legislation if it finds that it is unconstitutional

The Prime Minister

The Premier of each State

The Cabinet

The Governor-General and the State Governors

A system that ensures that the King remains the formal head of Australia

Based on the civil law system of a written codified set of laws

Based on the US model of a Presidential Republic

Based on the UK model of Constitutional Monarchy

There is only one "Crown" in Australia - the Crown in right of the Commonwealth. As this is a State matter, it is incorrect to say that the “Crown” is proceeding against her

The "Crown" is commonly used to describe the legal personality of the Government and litigation by the Commonwealth or State governments. It is therefore conducted in the name of the Crown

The King is the formal head of State but he is represented permanently in Australia by the Governor-General in State matters, such as this

This is a Commonwealth matter, so the King will be represented by the Governor of Victoria

King John has unlimited power. All governmental functions are exercised by him and his appointed advisers. The King makes legislative instruments and has the ultimate judicial power.

There has been a recent fundamental change. King John now has to consult the King’s Council before exercising governmental functions. This protects certain individual rights.

King John is elected. He must represent the interests of his people and be accountable and responsible for any decisions he make. If he chooses to ignore the wishes of his people he risks not being re-elected. 

King John signed a peace treaty after a dispute he had with the Barons. This allows the Barons to force King John to do exactly what they want. King John has very little power.

The Justinian Code. It is seen as one of the fundamental documents of British and Australian constitutional law. The King is forced to consult the Kings Council. This was a precursor to modern parliament. However, the Kings Council was not elected and could not make statutes.

The Magna Carta. It is seen as one of the fundamental documents of British and Australian constitutional law. The King is forced to consult the Kings Council. This was a precursor to modern parliament. However, the Kings Council was not elected and could not make statutes.

The Case of Prohibitions del Roy. This fundamentally altered the relationship between the Monarch and its subjects. It guaranteed citizens a number of constitutional rights that now underpin British and Australian constitutional law. The King had to consult the Kings Council. The Kings Council was elected and made statutes.

The Magna Carta. This fundamentally altered the relationship between the Monarch and its subjects. It guaranteed citizens a number of constitutional rights that now underpin British and Australian constitutional law. The King had to consult the Kings Council. The Kings Council was elected and made statutes.