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BIO1011 - Blueprints for Life - Clayton S1 2025

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Below is a three branched tree of life, based on sequence comparisons of the genes for the small subunit of ribosomal RNA:

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Figure reproduced from Biology How life works second edition.

 

From this figure, it can be stated that:

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Which structure is NOT part of the endomembrane system in cells?
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Endosymbiosis is a theory used to explain how chloroplasts evolved in plant cells. The following is a diagram showing the chromalveolate hypothesis used to explain some endosymbiotic events in dinoflagellates.

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Image reproduced from The Origin of Plastids, 2010, Nature Ed.

 

Using the chromalveolate hypothesis, which of the following statements is false?
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You have just discovered a single celled eukaryote that contains a type of organelle never seen before. You hypothesise this organelle has evolved from an endosymbiotic event. Analysis of which component of the organelle may provide evidence to support this hypothesis.
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This question refers to the following diagram:

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Which of the following statements is TRUE, based on the current evidence supporting the evolution of the cell?

 
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Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system?
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It is now accepted that Archaea are more closely related to Eukaryotes than bacteria because:
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The inner mitochondrial membrane is ______ in nature while the outer mitochondrial membrane is ______ in nature.
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The cell/plasma membrane of a bacterium living in a salty aquatic environment contains a membrane channel protein called MelB. When this bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution that models/mimics its natural habitat, MelB facilitates the uptake of the sugar melibiose along with sodium ions (Na+).

a) What potential challenges might this organism encounter if it were deficient in membrane proteins responsible for moving charged particles across this boundary? Consider the salty environment (75 words, 1.5 marks).

b) Explain how MelB functions to transport melibiose and sodium ions (Na+) across the membrane and what type of cellular transport mechanism does it use? (25 words, 1 mark).

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The hypothetical scenario has the major drawback in that it will only provide qualitative data, as opposed to the quantitative data, that the original method allows.

Outline the difference between qualitative data and quantitative data, using a specific example from the Microbial Water Testing lab class (100 words).

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