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Principles of the Living Matter A001809 2024-25

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The reaction for the synthesis of ammonia is exothermic: N_{2 (g)} + 3 H_{2 (g)} ↔ 2 NH_{3 (g)}

Predict where does the reaction shift and what happens to K_eq after the following changes: (2 pts)

Change	Reaction shift	K_eq
Addition of N₂ at constant temperature	to the left to the right no change	increases decreases no change
Decrease of volume at constant temperature	to the left to the right no change	increases decreases no change
Increase of temperature	to the left to the right no change	increases decreases no change
Addition of gaseous HCl at constant temperature	to the left to the right no change	increases decreases no change

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A mass of 12.0 g of acetic acid (K_a= 1.80 · 10^-5) is solubilized in 50.0 mL of water at T=298 K. Then, the resulting solution is diluted to 4.00 L at the same temperature. Calculate the final pH: (1 pt)

Final pH:

How many moles of calcium hydroxide are necessary to completely neutralize the acid? (1 pt)

Moles of calcium hydroxide:

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Consider the following substances: Li₂

Si, H

₂SO_4.Which type of solid do they originate under the appropriate conditions of T and p, respectively? (1.5 pts)

Li₂O	ionic solid covalent solid molecular solid metal
Si	ionic solid covalent solid molecular solid metal
H₂SO₄	ionic solid covalent solid molecular solid metal

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Consider the following molecules: HClO₂, PCl₅, NO₂^-.

Predict their respective shape and the most suitable hybrid orbital for the central atom. (1.5 pts)

Molecule	Shape	Hybrid orbital
HClO₂	bent trigonal planar trigonal pyramidal trigonal bipyramid tetrahedral	sp sp2 sp3 sp3d sp3d2
PCl₅	bent trigonal planar trigonal pyramidal trigonal bipyramid tetrahedral	sp sp2 sp3 sp3d sp3d2
NO₂^-	bent trigonal planar trigonal pyramidal trigonal bipyramid tetrahedral	sp sp2 sp3 sp3d sp3d2