It should be complex and require dictionary use.

It should always be at an advanced level to challenge the reader.

It should be easy and enjoyable for the reader.

It should focus exclusively on factual information

They are used only in informal texts.

They limit the need for understanding context.

They act as placeholders for unknown terms.

They provide cues about text structure and relationships between ideas.

To expand upon every minor detail in the text.

To focus only on vocabulary development.

To condense the text to essential points.

To find specific information within the text.

It focuses primarily on finding keywords.

It replaces the need for vocabulary knowledge.

It provides a general overview without focusing on details.

It allows a thorough comprehension of every word in the text.

Summarizing

Previewing

Skimming

Questioning

It enhances comprehension by connecting new information with prior experiences.

It replaces the need for understanding syntax

It encourages a focus solely on individual sentence structure.

It allows readers to ignore complex vocabulary.

Focus solely on vocabulary acquisition.

Working memory and executive functioning.

Increased reliance on rote learning.

Phonological awareness alone.

It reduces the necessity for vocabulary expansion.

It limits the need for contextual analysis.

It allows readers to focus more on phonetic decoding.

It enables readers to concentrate on higher-level comprehension tasks

It requires finding specific details.

It discourages engagement with the text.

It builds curiosity and activates prior knowledge.

It solely focuses on vocabulary expansion.

He focused on decoding words solely through phonics.

He emphasized the active engagement between text and reader.

He introduced the concept of rote memorization for comprehension.

He argued that comprehension was solely based on vocabulary size.