Participants are aware of potential risks and voluntarily agree to participate.

Only physicians have the right to access trial data.

The trial results will be published in high-impact journals.

Participants are compensated financially regardless of study outcomes.

A secondary measure that supports the main research findings.

The statistical software used for data analysis.

The main outcome used to assess the effectiveness of an intervention.

A preliminary analysis conducted before a trial starts.

The number of participants enrolled in a study.

To eliminate the need for placebo groups.

To balance participant characteristics across treatment groups.

To reduce study duration.

To increase the number of participants in the trial.

To allow researchers to control the final results.

To evaluate whether the research will be financially profitable.

To determine the expected impact factor of the final publication.

To approve the study without modifications.

To ensure the study follows ethical guidelines and protects participants.

To adjust the research question to align with current trends.

They require fewer participants than observational studies.

They eliminate all sources of bias in research.

They minimize bias by randomly assigning participants to groups.

They use pre-existing data to analyze outcomes.

They do not require ethical approval before starting.

To determine the cost-effectiveness of the new drug.

To evaluate whether the drug is more effective than current treatments.

To compare the drug with alternative therapies in a large population.

To determine the long-term effects and adverse reactions.

To assess the safety and appropriate dosage of the medication in healthy volunteers.

To confirm that participants will not withdraw from the study.

To provide a summary of study outcomes before data collection.

To collect financial information from participants.

To ensure the participant fully understands the study before enrolling.

To legally bind the participant to complete the study.

To monitor side effects without measuring effectiveness.

To establish the cost-effectiveness of the drug.

To observe long-term trends without intervention.

To compare the safety and efficacy of the medication.

To determine the statistical significance of the treatment.

When the patient verbally agrees to participate.

Once the patient receives a referral from another doctor.

After reviewing the patient’s medical history and confirming eligibility.

After the patient reads, discusses, and signs two copies of the informed consent form.

After the research team completes data collection from previous studies.

To provide financial details of the research budget.

To outline the study’s objectives, methodology, and procedures.

To list the names of all researchers involved in the study.

To collect participant feedback before the trial begins.

To summarize previous studies on osteoarthritis treatments.