A 25-year-old female presents to the clinic for a routine check-up. She has no significant medical history and denies any neurological symptoms. During the physical examination, the clinician notices a tuft of hair and a small dimple over the lower back. The patient is asymptomatic and has no complaints. 

Which [ATTACHED IMAGE] could be related to this patient ?

A 28-year-old woman presents to her obstetrician's office for her first prenatal visit at 8 weeks gestation. During the visit, the physician discusses the early development of the embryo. 

Which of the layers primarily contribute to nourishing the embryo during its early stages of development?

A 10-week-old fetus has an abnormally developed cloaca. 

As for the [ATTACHED IMAGE], which of the following segments is most likely to be affected because of this anomaly?

A 41-year-old male with cervical spondyloticmyelopathy presented to hospital with bilateral progressive upper extremity weakness, hyperreflexia. Cervical spine MRI showed severe cord compression at C1. 

As for the [ATTACHED IMAGE], which region is responsible for the development of the compressed structure ?

A newborn presented with congenital axial skeletal anomaly involving the vertebral column, characterized by abnormal curvature of vertebral column. The infant exhibited no neurological deficits. Multidisciplinary management was initiated, including orthopedic and pediatric care. 

As for the [ATTACHED IMAGE], which of the following embryonic segments gives rise to the affected part of skeleton?

A research team is studying gastrulation in mammalian embryos that develop similarly to human embryos. They plan to assess the migration and differentiation of specific cells into the different layers of the trilaminar embryonic disc. The team tags some cells in a specific region of the embryo.

As per the [ATTACHED IMAGE], which segment could be tagged during this research study?

A 45-year-old male presents to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain. Upon physical examination, there is tenderness in the right upper quadrant. Imaging investigations reveals pathological changes of the liver. 

As for the [ATTACHED IMAGE], which of the following embryonic segments gives rise to the parenchyma ‎of the affected organ?

A 15 years old male patient with a past history of substance abuse presented to the emergency room with burning pathological changes affecting skin dermis of the left hand. 

As per the [ATTACHED IMAGE], which of the following embryonic layers differentiate into the affected skin layer?

As in the [ATTACHED IMAGES], altered development of which of the following layers is most likely to account for the shown observations?

A 32-year-old pregnant woman presents to the obstetrics clinic for a routine prenatal check-up at 20 weeks gestation. During the ultrasound examination, the obstetrician notes the presence of a well-defined amniotic cavity surrounding the fetus. The amniotic fluid appears to be within normal limits. 

Which of the following embryonic layers is responsible for the formation of the lining membrane of the amniotic cavity?