The process of starting a computer by loading the kernel is known as BIOS.

A queue is a sequentially ordered data structure that uses the first in, first out (FIFO) principle for adding and removing items.

Communication is not one of the major categories of system calls.

The "chmod +x filename" command makes a file executable.

The output below indicates that "user1" has read and write permissions for "file.txt":

The host system is protected from a virtual machine, but several virtual machines running on the same host are not protected from each other.

The "export" command is used to turn a local variable into an environment variable.

The primary difficulty in designing a layered operating system approach is ensuring each layer is easily converted to modules.

Linux-based and Windows-based Operating Systems can use Kernel Virtual Machine (KVM).

The "mkdir" command can only create one directory at a time.