Inability of a muscle to complete a task

Any exercise-induced reduction in force generating capacity, reversible by rest

Failure of the muscle contractile apparatus (myosin & actin) to function and produce force

Failure of the CNS to maintain electrical activation of muscle motor units

Failure of muscles to respond to an electrical impulse and produce force

~25%

~40%

~60%

~70%

~90%

10% and 50%

25% and 35%

40% and 20%

20% and 40%

30% and 30%

Calcium phosphate is degraded releasing calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum inhibiting contraction of myosin and actin

Calcium availability is increased after the sarcoplasmic reticulum receives stimulus from an action potential

Calcium is blocked from combining with tropomyosin and contractions are inhibited

Calcium [Ca++] concentration is lower in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, resulting in decreased Ca++ availability and therefore binding to troponin C

Calcium causes pH to decrease resulting in insufficient buffer availability 

Convective and conductive zones

Conductive and respiratory zones

Conducive and respiratory zones

Convective and respiratory

Bronchioles and alveoli 

HPO₄^2- and Na+

Cl^- and Na⁺

Ca²⁺ and HCO₃^-

K⁺ and HPO₄2-

Na⁺ and K⁺

Respiratory compensation

Cell proteins

Kidney buffering

Bicarbonate-Carbonic acid buffering

Cellular buffering

Active diffusion

Diffusion 

Osmosis

Facilitated diffusion

Active transport

Water moves by diffusion and solutes move by osmosis

The structure of water is irregular and and a non-polar molecule

Water is a non-polar molecule and hydrophobic

The structure of water is regular and is a polar molecule

L.min or ml.kg.min^-1

ml/kg/min^-1 or L/min^-1

L.min^-1 or mmol.L^-1

L.min^-1 or ml/kg/min

ml.kg.min or L/min