The partition coefficient (logP) is a measure of the equilibrium distribution of a solute between two immiscible liquids, usually water and 1-octanol.

When phenol is behaving as the solute with water and 1-octanaol as the solvents its log P value is 30.2. What does this value say about the relative solubility of a phenol molecule in each solvent liquids? Explain your answer with reference to theory covered in the course regarding miscibility and intermolecular forces. [4 marks]

 Note: in the formula above the equilibrium concentration of a solute S in solvent x is denoted as [S]_x ( e.g. [S]_aq denotes what concentration of a solute is dissolved in the water layer)

Complete the table below by selecting the correct response from each of the drop-down boxes to identify the size of the marked angle and the hybridisation of the central atom for the hypothetical molecule given in each row. [1 mark each]

Molecule	Size of marked angle	Hybridisation of central atom
	180° slightly less than 180° slightly greater than 180° slightly less than 120° slightly greater than 120° 120°	sp sp² sp³ sp⁴ unhybridised
	109.5° slightly less than 109.5° slightly greater than 109.5° slightly less than 120° slightly greater than 120° 120°	sp sp² sp³ sp⁴ unhybridised
	109.5° slightly less than 109.5° slightly greater than 109.5° slightly less than 120° slightly greater than 120° 120°	sp sp² sp³ sp⁴ unhybridised

a) Which of the following substances listed below has the lowest boiling point?

b) Which of the following substances listed below has the highest boiling point?

c) Which of the following substances listed below has the largest dispersion forces?

Using the information provided in the table below, which of the atoms/ions would you expect to have the smallest atomic radius?

At 25 °C, ammonium nitrate dissolves in water and the temperature of the solution decreases as a result.

1. Based on this information, ΔH is
   Positive

   Zero

   Negative
   and ΔG is 
   Negative

   Zero

   Positive
   at 25 °C. [0.5 mark each]

2. ΔS for the solute-solvent system is 
   Positive

   Zero

   Negative
   while ΔS for the surroundings is 
   Negative

   Zero

   Positive
   . [0.5 mark each]

The hybridisation of central atomic orbitals in NH₃ is

The equilibrium constant in terms of concentrations (K_c) for this reaction:

N₂(g)  + 3H₂(g) ⇌ 2NH₃(g)

equals 4.4 × 10^-3. If, at equilibrium, the concentration of H₂ = 4.9 mol/L and the concentration of NH₃ = 2.4 mol/L, what is the equilibrium concentration of N₂(g)?

OUT OF SYLLABUS of CHEM1832

Calculate the value of K_p for the reaction below given equilibrium concentrations of [NO] = 0.0080 M, [O₂] = 0.014 M and [NO₂] = 0.012 M at 269 K:

2NO(g)  +  O₂(g)  ⇌  2NO₂(g)

Your answer must be given to the correct number of significant figures to receive full marks.

Which of the the following statements are TRUE?

Tick only the true statements. Ticking false statements will result in reduced marks for this question. 

Given the following acids and bases and their corresponding equilibrium constants, which two species you would mix in water in equal quantities to produce a neutral solution?