spread of corruption

growing demoralization

rising oil prices

falling industrial growth rate

Karakalpaks

Meskhetian Turks

Kazakhs

Kyrgyzes

Belorussia, Moldavia and Ukraine

Industrialized central regions

In Siberia, Ural, Far East and North

In Kazakhstan and Central Asia

Kazakhs were not considered to have achieved class-consciousness

After the famine, their loyalty to the Soviet Union was suspect

Anti-Kazakh chauvinists among military leaders did not want them as soldiers

The collaboration of other non-Russian nationalities with the Nazi invaders cast suspicion on the Kazakhs as well.

Construction

Industry

Uranium mining

Agriculture