The launch of the single market, border-free travel and the euro.

Unrest and wars in various countries lead many people to flee their homes and seek refuge in Europe. The EU is faced with the challenge of how to take care of them, while safeguarding their welfare and respecting their human rights. Climate change is at the top of the agenda and leaders agree to reduce harmful emissions. Croatia becomes the 28th member of the EU. In a referendum, the United Kingdom votes to leave the EU.

12 new countries joining. The Treaty of Lisbon provides modern institutions and more efficient working methods.

Greece becomes the 10th member of the European Communities, and Spain and Portugal follow 5 years later. The end of the decade sees the collapse of communist regimes in Central and Eastern Europe.

A period of economic growth, with further economic integration in Europe and the beginnings of international cooperation.

The cooperation in Europe led to the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community, the signing of the Treaties of Rome and the birth of the European Parliament.

Responding to unprecedented challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic, Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, and fighting climate change.

The first new members join: Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom. The first European elections and a regional policy to boost poorer areas.