Atom 4 is a hydrogen bond donor and atom 2 is a hydrogen bond acceptor.

Atom 2 is a hydrogen bond donor and atom 3 is a hydrogen bond acceptor.

Atom 1 is a hydrogen bond donor and atom 2 is a hydrogen bond acceptor.

Atom 5 is a hydrogen bond donor and atom 1 is a hydrogen bond acceptor.

Forward primer: 5'-CTTCTCGAACCTAAAAGTAG-3'

Reverse primer: 5'-CTCCCTCAATAGATGCAGTT-3'

Forward primer: 5'-CTTCTCGAACCTAAAAGTAG-3'

Reverse primer: 5'-GAGGGAGTTATCTACGTCAA-3'

Forward primer: 5'-GAAGAGCTTGGATTTTCATC-3'

Reverse primer: 5'-GAGGGAGTTATCTACGTCAA-3'

Forward primer: 5'-CTTCTCGAACCTAAAAGTAG-3'

Reverse primer: 5'-AACTGCATCTATTGAGGGAG-3'

Forward primer: 5'-GAAGAGCTTGGATTTTCATC-3'

Reverse primer: 5'-CTCCCTCAATAGATGCAGTT-3'

Forward primer: 5'-GAAGAGCTTGGATTTTCATC-3'

Reverse primer: 5'-AACTGCATCTATTGAGGGAG-3'

A > B > C

C > B > A

A > C > B

B > C > A

B > A > C

C > A > B

Animal, plant and bacterial cells

Both animal cells and bacterial cells

Both animal cells and plant cells

Only animal cells

A macromolecule (biopolymer)

A lipid

A small organic molecule or ion

A small inorganic molecule or ion

The ability to undergo changes in genetic material, enabling adaptation to new environments over many generations

The ability to sense environmental stimuli causing the organism to modify its behaviour

The ability to pass characteristics from one generation to the next

The ability to harness energy from the environment and use it for required biochemical reactions

The ability to pass characteristics from one generation to the next

The ability to harness energy from the environment and use it for required biochemical reactions

The ability to maintain a constant internal state

The ability to sense environmental stimuli causing the organism to modify its behaviour

An ester group

A carboxyl group

A sulfhydryl or thiol group

A hydroxyl group

A sulfhydryl or thiol group

A carbonyl group

A carboxylic acid or carboxylate group

A hydroxyl group

2

3

1

4