Convert the following UML Class Diagram to Java Code (by completing the missing code below)

public

    public Animal(String name, String colour) {

        this.name= name;

        this.colour = colour;

    }

    public void setName(String name){ this.name = name; }

    public void setColour(String colour){ this.colour= colour; }

    public String toString(){ 

        return "Name: " + name +", Colour: "+ colour; 

    }

}

public class Cat

    public Cat(String name, String colour, int whiskerLength) {

    }

    public String toString() {

        return

    }

    public void makeSound{

        System.out.println("Meow!");

    }

}

Given the code above, which of the following statements are correct? Choose all that apply. 

Negative marking applies for choosing incorrect answers.

class Vehicle { 

void start() { System.out.println("Vehicle starting..."); }

}

class Car extends Vehicle { 

void start() { System.out.println("Car starting..."); }

}

class Bike extends Vehicle { }

class SportsCar extends Car { }

public class CastingTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Vehicle v1 = new Car();

        Vehicle v2 = new Bike();

        Car c1 = new Car();

        Bike b1 = new Bike();

        Vehicle v3 = new SportsCar();

        SportsCar sc1 = new SportsCar();

    }

}

What is the result of each of the following method calls?

1. Car c2 = (Car) v1;
   Valid

   Invalid: Compile Error

   Invalid: Runtime ClassCastException
    //Complete the code

2. Car c3 = (Car) v2;
   Valid

   Invalid: Compile Error

   Invalid: Runtime ClassCastException
    //Complete the code

3. Vehicle v4 = c1;
   Invalid: Runtime ClassCastException

   Valid

   Invalid: Compile Error
    //Complete the code

4. Bike b3 = (Bike) c1;
   Valid

   Invalid: Runtime ClassCastException

   Invalid: Compile Error
    //Complete the code

5. Vehicle v5 = (Vehicle) b1;
   Invalid: Runtime ClassCastException

   Invalid: Compile Error

   Valid
    //Complete the code

6. c1 = (Car) v3;
   Invalid: Runtime ClassCastException

   Valid

   Invalid: Compile Error
    //Complete the code

7. SportsCar sc2 = (SportsCar) v3;
   Invalid: Compile Error

   Invalid: Runtime ClassCastException

   Valid
    //Complete the code

8. SportsCar sc3 = (SportsCar) v1;
   Valid

   Invalid: Runtime ClassCastException

   Invalid: Compile Error
    //Complete the code

9. SportsCar sc1 = (Car) c1;
   Invalid: Runtime ClassCastException

   Invalid: Compile Error

   Valid
    //Complete the code

Match the following fundamental OOP principle with its definition 

Indicate whether the following statements are true or false in the Java programming Language:

1. The default access modifier allows access only within the same class. 
   True

   False
    //Select the answer

2. A variable that can hold a reference to an object of class A can also hold a reference to an object belonging to any subclass of A. 
   True

   False
    //Select the answer

3. An upcast from a subclass to a superclass must be explicitly casted to the superclass type.
   False

   True
    //Select the answer

4. A method can be overloaded by changing only the argument list. 
   True

   False
    //Select the answer

5. Method overloading uses the actual type of the class at runtime to decide which method to invoke. 
   True

   False
    //Select the answer

6. Abstract classes in Java cannot define constructors because they are never directly instantiated.
   True

   False
    //Select the answer