Class A

Class B

Class C

Class D

 IP Address and MAC Address

IP Address and Port Number

 MAC Address and Port Number

 Only IP Address

Both A and R are true, and R explains A.

Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A.

A is false, but R is true.

A is true, but R is false.

3

12 

6

8

By blocking all unknown frames

By filtering and forwarding frames only to the necessary segments

By increasing the collision domain

 By converting Ethernet to a wireless network

Flow Control

Three-way Handshake

Slow Start & Congestion Control

Error Checking

Error detection

/24

/25

 /26

/27

OSPF implements Bellman-Ford algorithm to find shortest paths

OSPF uses Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm to implement least-cost path routing

OSPF implements hierarchical routing.

1 → b, 2 → a, 3 → c, 4 → d

1 → c, 2 → b, 3 → d, 4 → a

1 → d, 2 → c, 3 → a, 4 → b

1 → a, 2 → d, 3 → b, 4 → c

Bit Stuffing

Character Stuffing

Byte Count

Flag-based Framing